The Nelson Institute Issue Brief summarizes the latest scholarship from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, highlighting faculty and graduate student work on key environmental issues. The Issue Brief is not a peer-reviewed publication.
The focus of our latest issue is plastics: challenges and pathways toward sustainability
Introduction

Wisconsin communities are facing a wide range of challenges associated with plastic pollution. From budget-related limitations on local recycling to microplastic impacts on environmental and human health, we are just beginning to scratch the surface on the problems associated with an industry that also employs tens of thousands of Wisconsinites and generates billions for our economy.
How can we tackle plastic pollution across Wisconsin while continuing to support Wisconsin businesses that employ our families and make our lives more convenient? What solutions are best equipped to protect environmental health while supporting our local governments, capitalizing on Wisconsin industries, and fueling our agricultural economy? How are Badgers leading this work?
In this Nelson Issue Brief, we aim to contribute to critical conversations around plastics by highlighting recent UW–Madison research that highlight pathways for addressing plastic sustainability. Research presented here covers:
- Tackling microplastics pollution in the Great Lakes with innovative filtration and sensor technologies
- Maximizing profitability and minimizing emissions with a new framework for assessing waste management technologies
- Supporting Wisconsin manufacturers and making Wisconsin a national leader in advanced recycling through a breakthrough recycling technology
- Supporting Wisconsin farmers through a promising plastic alternative
- Improving institutional purchasing and accelerating sustainable innovation through findings from waste audits.
This research cuts across UW–Madison’s Nelson Institute of Environmental Studies, the College of Engineering, and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences — pointing to the importance of interdisciplinary research in moving us forward on one of Wisconsin’s biggest environmental challenges.
Key Points
Innovative filtration and sensor technologies could be key to detecting and understanding microplastic pollution in the Great Lakes.
A new framework for assessing plastic waste management technologies can identify pathways that maximize profitability and minimize environmental impact.
A breakthrough technology in plastics recycling could support Wisconsin manufacturing and make us a national leader in advanced recycling.
Flax is a promising plastic alternative that could support Wisconsin farmers, protect our pollinators, and make Wisconsin a leader in the circular bioeconomy.
Waste audits can help improve plastic recycling rates, inform institutional purchasing, and accelerate sustainable innovation.
Stories

Detecting Microplastics at the Smallest Scales in the Great Lakes
Innovative filtration and sensor technologies could be key to detecting and understanding microplastic pollution in the Great Lakes.

Advancing Plastic Recycling in Wisconsin: The STRAP Technology
A breakthrough technology in plastics recycling could support Wisconsin manufacturing and make us a national leader in advanced recycling.

Flax: A Wisconsin-Grown Alternative to Plastics
Flax is a promising plastic alternative that could support Wisconsin farmers, protect our pollinators, and make Wisconsin a leader in the circular bioeconomy.

Types of Single-Use Plastic Cups Influence Recycling Accuracy
Waste audits can help improve plastic recycling rates, inform institutional purchasing, and accelerate sustainable innovation.

Evaluating Tradeoffs in Plastic Waste Management
A new framework for assessing plastic waste management technologies can identify pathways that maximize profitability and minimize environmental impact.
Previous Nelson Issue Briefs

Renewable and Alternative Energy, Part 2
This edition of the Nelson Issue Brief is the second of a two-part series on renewable and alternative energy and continues the conversation by highlighting recent research from UW–Madison scholars on nuclear energy in clean energy transitions, renewable natural gas and its economic feasibility, agrivoltaics to combine solar energy generation and agriculture, and the potential for rooftop solar expansion on UW–Madison’s campus.

Renewable and Alternative Energy, Part 1
This issue highlights recent research from UW–Madison scholars that addresses alternative energy issues in Wisconsin and beyond. The research presented here covers capacity building to support energy applications of satellite data, community engagement to identify and address local energy needs, estimating the economic and health benefits of grid decarbonization in Wisconsin, and a holistic framework for understanding the societal benefits of utility-scale solar expansion.

PFAS in Surface and Drinking Water
This edition presents research from UW–Madison scholars on PFAS as an emerging contaminant of concern in Wisconsin’s drinking water, lakes, and rivers. The contributions highlight new methods for identifying PFAS sources and monitoring the extent of contamination in surface and groundwater to help resource managers protect the state’s valuable freshwater resources.

Public Lands Managed for Conservation
Contributions include research on the importance of local leadership and participation in conservation, navigating the transfer of conservation easements between landowners, economic benefits of recreation on public lands, and the benefits of managed grazing.

Extreme Heat and Drought
This edition includes research into the impact of urban heat islands, how to better address extreme heat events to avoid preventable death, and how drought impacts Wisconsin agriculture.

Nutrient Pollution in Surface Waters
This issue features research that addresses excess nutrient concentrations, mostly nitrogen and phosphorus, in surface water. Nutrient pollution degrades recreational and commercial use of surface waters from Wisconsin to the Gulf of Mexico, largely through blue-green algae blooms. In Wisconsin, phosphorus is the most-regulated nutrient, as nitrogen is often considered more of a threat to human health through polluted drinking water, though it also impacts surface waters.

Global Pandemics and the Environment
This edition includes articles detailing the impact that reduced human activity during periods of quarantine had on wildlife and air pollution. The final entry details how diseases like COVID-19 have been transmitted from wildlife to humans, and how increased human activity amplifies the chances of transmission in the future.

Environmental Justice and Environmental Racism
This issue features research on the differential impacts of air pollution, the justice impacts that stem from addressing climate change, and the impacts of mercury across the landscape. We also highlight attempts to center environmental justice within environmental education. We close with a story from a manoomin (wild rice) researcher who shares her connection with an indigenous community and how that connection shaped her research.

What are the Impacts of Extreme Precipitation Events?
As the people of Wisconsin adapt to more frequent, heavier precipitation events, we present research detailing likely future precipitation changes, adaptation efforts, and ecological, social and economic consequences of the increasing frequency, and intensity of these events.

Deer: Hunting, Ecology, and Chronic Wasting Disease
As the Evers administration attempts to balance the ecological impact of deer, the social and economic impact of deer hunting, and the potential dangers of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), the second edition of the Nelson Issue Brief provides summaries of important deer-related research taking place at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Nitrate Contamination in Drinking Water and Groundwater
Safe drinking water has become a major bipartisan priority in Wisconsin. Governor Tony Evers has declared 2019 the year of Safe Drinking Water and Assembly Speaker Robin Vos has commissioned a taskforce on water quality. This inaugural edition of the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies Issue Brief focuses on the most widespread groundwater contaminant: Nitrates. This is an environmental and public health hazard faced by Wisconsinites statewide.
Editorial Staff and Executive Committee
Lead editor: Rebecca Larson
Associate editors: Peter Burress, Emily Reynolds
Contributing editors: Chelsea Rademacher, Diane Stojanovich
Graphic designer: Kevin Berger
Web editor: Eric Klister
For more information, contact Rebecca Larson, rebecca.larson@wisc.edu
Executive Committee
Jason Delbourne, PhD
Associate professor, La Follette School of Public Affairs, delborne@wisc.edu
Rebecca Larson, PhD
Professor, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, rebecca.larson@wisc.edu
Jonathan Patz, MD, MPH
John P. Holton Chair of Health and the Environment and Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and Department of Population Health Sciences, patz@wisc.edu
Adena Rissman, PhD
Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor of the Human Dimensions of Ecosystem Management, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, adena.rissman@wisc.edu




